CS1590 Chapter 1 Notes

Constraints on Behavior

Laws explicitly control and punish bad behavior, by force if necessary.
Norms control behavior by social forces.
The Market controls behavior through economics.
Architecture (Code) controls behavior by physical (logical) means.
Law of the horse, huh?

There is a distinction between norms which a specific to cultures(customs), and ethics which are more universal.

Technological Determinists see technology as an oppressive force that we cannot control.
Technological Utopianism believe that technology will enable an ideal world.
Technological Realists understand the negative potential of technology, but believe that it can be controlled.

Problems in computer ethics can be analyzed in terms of several classic ethical systems:

Utilitarianism We should act to promote the greatest good for the most people.
Contract Rights All citizens have certain rights that cannot be violated, even for the good of the majority.
Natural Rights Each citizen has unequivocal rights (by virtue of an implicit social contract) that cannot be violated, even for the good of the majority.
Pluralism "Never act in such a way that I can also will that my maxim should become a universal law."

Each of these has weaknesses and can lead to absurd conclusions if left unchecked.

Principilism holds that we should try to act according to four principles:

The Principle of Autonomy We must not deprive others of their autonomy.
The Principle of Nonmaleficence Avoid unnecessary harm to others.
The Principle of Beneficence We must advance the welfare of others when we are able to do so.
The Principle of Justice People should be treated fairly and similar cases should be treated similarly.

* The basis of these notes were borrowed from the website of Dr. John Aronis when he taught CS1590