• Object-oriented method
    – Not widely used for designing the navigational structure
    – Usually consider navigation just another kind of user interface operation
    – The organization of contents is seldom considered
    – Main consequence
        • poor navigation structures
        • users getting lost in hyperspace
    – Should separate the design of the navigation space from the user interface design and from the application’s object model

• Using design patterns
    – Encapsulates designer’s experience